Vitamin PP (Niacinamide)
The role of Vitamin PP in acne treatment is the reduction of inflammation and redness that occurs in most acne lesions. Vitamin PP is an effective topical anti-inflammatory agent that has mild exfoliating action, enabling the skin to shed old skin cells and prevent pore blockage. The mild exfoliating action of Vitamin PP is attributed in its ability to speed up the differentiation or cell division of keratinocytes. This acne medication also acts as a mild moisturizer that increases the ceramide and free fatty acids in the skin. Topical Vitamin PP can also mildly reduce the amount of sebum on the oil gland.
Panthenol (Vitamin B5)
Panthenol is a fantastic addition to this list of ingredients helping acne scars, because it aids in the healing of skin tissue and also spurs cell regeneration. A lot of researchers or industry professionals call Panthenol “the beautifier” vitamin. On top of its cell regeneration properties, it also moisturizes the skin and soothes irritation. This is very helpful in the lessening of redness and discoloration also.
Aloe Vera Extract
Aloe Vera is a natural moisturizer which is so useful for skin and has great soothing property. It gives oxygen to skin cells which in turn increases the strength and synthesis of skin tissue. Besides it helps to moisturizer your skin, it also provides needed nutrients so that skin holds up to sunlight better and sun tan lasts longer than normal.
Glycolic Acid
It is the smallest molecular size among AHAs; hence it can easily penetrate into skin. Once inside the cell, it stimulates the skin to make new, healthier collagen and elastin fibers in the deeper dermis, improving sun damage and wrinkling. Glycolic Acid also weakens the "glue" holding dead cells on the skin's surface. When these cells dissolve, smoother, softer skin is revealed. AHAs also help to unclog pores and thus decrease the tendency for acne to develop. Glycolic Acid is one of the most effective substances to use in the treatments of many other skin conditions including white-heads, blackheads, pimples and acnes.
Lactic Acid
Lactic acid is an Alpha-Hydroxy acid derived from milk sugars and occurs naturally inside the body. Since lactic acid is a natural substance inside the body, it is less irritating and highly unlikely to cause allergic reactions. Lactic acid has skin hydrating property that attracts and traps moisture in the skin. It is ideal for treating dry skin with acne. Lactic acid also stimulates the synthesis of collagen and elastin fibers in the dermis or deeper layer of the skin. The anti-acne action of Lactic acid relies on its ability to loosen the glue that holds the dead skin cells together. By exfoliating or peeling the skin, the formation of whiteheads and blackheads is reduced.
Zinc PCA
Zinc PCA regulate the sebaceous glands and minimizes oil production on the skin. The mechanism of action of Zinc is to decrease inflammation caused by acne, maybe through inhibition of the enzyme that catalyses the production of dihydroxytestosterone, a hormone that controls sebaceous gland activity. It is also an antibacterial, hence; make it great to combat unwanted acne.
